Where to start
Many scientists are drawn towards applying their skills in hands-on research and development in a non-academic setting. This could be working for a government department, a large multi-national firm, a charitable foundation, the NHS, or a small-to-medium enterprise (SME). You might be working on fundamental research, developing a new product, commercialising research, or scaling up a process. This work takes place across a wide range of sectors including pharma, medical devices, energy, technology, and manufacturing.
Our guide to Research in Academia (STEM) may also be of interest.
Do take a look at the Prospects Guide to a Career in STEM 2020/21.
Read our top tips on starting a career in Life Science research.
Hear the experiences of Cambridge alumni working in wet lab R&D and quantitative research roles in the Biotech and Pharma sector.
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Working in Research and Development involves research and problem-solving skills, analytical skills, innovative thinking, and technical ability. Your ‘research’ skills, however, are not the only factor. Employers also look for evidence of wider skills, including leadership, communication, teamwork, attention to detail, resilience, project management, and commercial awareness. Read about and talk to Cambridge alumni working in R&D to get a feel for what they do, and to learn about their career paths.
You may like a career in commercial R&D if you’d enjoy:
- working with interdisciplinary teams of scientists/engineers
- seeing the outcome of your research being realised over a shorter timescale than in academia
- having the option to move into business/management later in your career
- attending scientific conferences.
There may, however, be drawbacks to this career:
- you may have to drop scientifically interesting projects if they do not seem profitable
- you may have less scientific freedom than in academic research.
Getting research experience outside of your degree is important. This will help you work out if research is right for you, and provide key evidence of your interest to a future employer.
There are several research programmes and schemes that enable STEM students to explore academic or industry research during their vacations. This document represents a selection of opportunities that usually operate annually, it is not exhaustive and some schemes may not run every year. Check eligibility and application requirements carefully.
Summer R&D internships
Many large organisations provide formal summer internship experience. These are likely to be highly competitive and aimed at penultimate year students. Recent examples that have been advertised include AkzoNobel, Diamond Light Source Ltd, GlaxoSmithKline, Illumina, Mars UK Ltd, Unilever, P&G, STFC, Amgen scholars, CERN. Search for current postings via Handshake, Gradcracker, Target Jobs, and Prospects.
Consider smaller organisations
Widen your search by looking at smaller companies. This is particularly important for students in their early years. Many Cambridge students find work experience in smaller organisations, and build on this in later years. These may not be household names, and they may require a speculative approach, as not all advertise formal schemes. Useful starting points for finding opportunities include UK Science Park Association, One Nucleus, Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, as well as any friends or family contacts you may have. Use social media, including LinkedIn, to follow interesting companies and research companies in your local area.
Specialist science recruitment agencies may advertise short term experiences (for example www.srg.co.uk, www.ckscience.co.uk).
Don’t forget about government organisations, research institutes and universities
Several research institutes and government organisations offer summer research placements. Examples include Wellcome Trust, Diamond Light Source, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Cancer Research UK, The Met Office, CERN. Some of these will be advertised via Handshake, but not all, so look directly at their websites and sign up for any alerts.
Formal Undergraduate Research (Opportunity) Programmes (UROP/URP) are more common in the USA, although Cambridge and Imperial offer them too, and the Amgen Scholars Program and the DAAD RISE scheme include students enrolled at UK universities.
The UK Research Councils, including the BBSRC, NERC and EPSRC, fund research experience placements at universities (primarily those hosting their doctoral training programmes) for undergraduate students to gain research laboratory work experience. Handshake may carry these vacancies, but please check the Research Council websites from the second half of Michaelmas Term in your second year.
Charities, including Cancer Research UK and the Wellcome Trust, also have similar schemes at a number of different UK locations.
Let your DOS, supervisors, or other academics know you're looking—it's OK to approach people whose lectures, practicals, or papers you've enjoyed. Check departmental noticeboards and the websites of other Universities. Many students start building their research experience via speculative approaches to academics at Cambridge and beyond.
Your Part II or III research project
Think carefully when choosing your research project. Will it help you to develop skills that commercial R&D are looking for (such as lab techniques and programming), or to develop skills in a relevant area (such as synthetic chemistry for the pharma industry)?
Get inspiration from previous students
Use the community section of Handshake to find out what others in your subject did last summer.
Entry requirements for research and development in industry will vary depending on the organisation and the combination of qualifications and skills they are looking for. Many large organisations operate R&D graduate schemes for which the minimum entry requirement is usually an undergraduate degree. Some organisations, particularly in European countries may require a Master's. There are entry level roles for graduates across small and medium sized organisations that do not offer formal graduate schemes.
PhDs are recognised as valuable for R&D careers in industry, in some sectors e.g. biotech and pharmaceuticals, a PhD will enable you to join the organisation in a more senior role and might be required to support career progression. It is possible to undertake a PhD after gaining a few years of industry experience and some organisations offer industrial PhD opportunities undertaken as part of your role. If you do choose to do a PhD with a view of progressing into research roles in industry, do consider whether your project has industry applications and whether you will develop the relevant technical skills and knowledge. Exposure to industry partners and collaborators can be beneficial.
Explore the value of further study for careers in industry at our Life Sciences, Engineering and Tech Careers Fairs and Festivals throughout the academic year.
Large graduate schemes will recruit in the Michaelmas term for an autumn start the following year. Some companies, including SMEs, will recruit all year round (particularly for PhD-level roles). Use Handshake. Employers recruiting to research opportunities in industry can be found across several of our careers fairs, depending on their sector and recruitment needs. Check out employer registrations for the Life Sciences, Engineering, Tech and Graduate Schemes and Internships fairs in particular each year.
Around Cambridge, make use of One Nucleus and the Cambridge Cluster Insights.
National listings:
- Gradcracker – graduate jobs in science, technology and engineering
- New Scientist
- Bright Recruits
- Chemistry World jobs
- Nature jobs
- Science Careers – from the journal Science, this website has a career magazine, career profiles, and a range of tools and tips
- Space Careers – space industry news and vacancies
- Careers in Forensic Science
- Earthworks
- Carrot Recruitment - For research and commercial roles in the life science, biotech & pharma sectors
How to find start-ups and smaller organisations:
There are a wealth of start-ups and small to medium sized organisations conducting research and development work, particularly in the life sciences, biotechnology and tech spaces. Finding them can take a bit more research:
- Browse job opportunities and use the alumni directory on LinkedIn to help you find smaller organisations. Once you find the organisation page, make sure you follow them and set up job alerts to hear about new opportunities
- Check sector membership organisation webpages for member directories and networking events. For example, the OBN, The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), or The Bioindustry Association (BIA)
- Explore the Science Park company directories available from the UK Science Parks Association
- Look at University spin-out company listings via Cambridge Enterprise and other institution's equivalent webpages.
- Join entrepreneurship networks in the University or your local community - further guidance
- Seek out Venture Capital firms investing in your chosen industry and look at their portfolios. For example: Medicxi (life sciences), Molten Ventures (distuptive technologies) StartCodon (life science and healthcare) and F-Prime (healthcare and technology)
You might also be interested in:
Be prepared to talk about any research you’ve already done and/or what particular areas of research are interesting to you. If you are approaching an individual academic or research group, do you know what makes their research unique? It may not be related to the topic they lectured on.
If you are applying to a larger organisation such as the Wellcome Trust, find out about their current strategy and key priorities.
As you gain experience, it is important to have a dedicated section on the first page of your CV outlining your research experience to date; what problems did you solve? What techniques did you learn? You can include research completed as part of your course, experimental techniques you have developed, or any projects you completed in your own time.
In the Michaelmas term we offer opportunities to meet organisations offering industry research opportunities at our Careers Fairs, particularly Life Sciences, Engineering, Tech and Graduate Schemes and Internships.
Check out our Life Sciences Careers week, the Tech Festival and Green Festival in Lent Term for further briefings, workshops, panels and events.
Cambridge is a world leading centre for research - don’t shy away from talking to lecturers, supervisors and alumni. Most people want to help current students; even if they can’t directly offer you work experience, they may be able to advise you on who to contact.
Keep up to date with the relevant professional associations:
- Read the Science council list of professional bodies
- Institute of Physics
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Royal Society of Biology
- Biochemical Society (education and careers section)
- The Geological Society
- British Geological Survey
- The Institute of Materials
- Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry
Now you have looked at this page, think about your next steps. Everyone's journey is different. There are many ways to move forward. Here are some actions you could take now:
- Look for roles using the resources above.
- Talk to alumni working in this field via Handshake or LinkedIn.
- Talk to a Careers Consultant - book a 1:1 appointment through Handshake.
- Attend events - watch for relevant events.
- Ready to apply? Use the CV and cover letter guide to draft a CV or an application. CareerSet is a tool you can use to review your CV and cover letter. Write a speculative application.
- Subscribe to the Scientific Careers Newsletter